Ascites is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, which can lead to swelling and discomfort. This condition often results from an imbalance in the production and absorption of fluid in the abdomen. Ascites is commonly associated with liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, where scar tissue impairs the liver's ability to function normally, leading to increased pressure in the veins that supply the liver and fluid leakage into the abdominal cavity. Other causes of ascites include congestive heart failure, where fluid backs up in the body due to poor heart function, and certain cancers, particularly those affecting the abdominal organs, which can cause fluid to accumulate. Kidney disease, infections, and inflammatory conditions can also contribute to the development of ascites.
Treatment for ascites focuses on addressing the underlying cause and managing fluid buildup. For liver disease-related ascites, treatment may include dietary changes such as reducing salt intake to prevent further fluid retention, and diuretics to help the body expel excess fluid. In some cases, paracentesis, a procedure where a needle is inserted into the abdomen to remove excess fluid, may be performed to provide symptomatic relief and reduce abdominal pressure. For ascites due to heart failure or kidney disease, managing the primary condition through medications and lifestyle modifications is crucial. In cases where ascites is caused by cancer, treatment may involve addressing the cancer through surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is important to manage ascites effectively, as well as to address any complications or recurrence of fluid accumulation.
